Tissue growths known as polyps that appear on the colon’s surface are usually harmless. They’re often found, and removed, by Digestive Health Center doctors during a routine colon cancer screening exam such as a colonoscopy.
How are Colon Polyps Removed?
It depends on the size of the polyp, whether it’s a spec or several inches. Your Digestive Health Center doctor can burn off tiny polyps or remove them with wire loops or biopsy instruments. For larger polyps, a wire loop inserted through the colonoscope delivers an electrical current that eliminates the growth. This technique is called snare polypectomy.
Once removed, a polyp is analyzed under a microscope to determine its type and whether it’s cancerous.
Who Can Get a Colon Polyp?
Anyone can get a polyp, but you’re at greater risk if:
- There’s a family history of polyps or colon cancer
- Polyps have been found during previous screenings
- You’re overweight
- You’re over 50 years old
If You Have a Family History of Colon Cancer
The Hartford HealthCare Cancer Institute’s Genetic Counseling & Testing Program, using tests that start with a blood or saliva sample, looks for mutations or alterations in genes that can increase your risk of cancer.
Learn More
Symptoms of a Colon Polyp
Colon polyps are usually symptom-free, but it’s possible you’ll experience:
- Diarrhea, constipation or pain for more than a week
- Nausea, vomiting
- Bloody stool
- Rectal bleeding
Types of Colon Polyps
Here are three types of colon polyps:
- Adenomatous: The most common, with most never becoming cancerous
- Hyperplastic: Harmless. These never develop into cancer
- Malignant: Contain cancer cells
How You Can Help Prevent Colon Polyps
Maintaining a healthy diet and a healthy weight can help prevent colon polyps. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains and other high-fiber foods and lean meat should be the foundation of your diet.
Increasing the amount of vitamin D and calcium in your diet can help, too. Look to yogurt, milk, cheese, broccoli, eggs and fish as good sources of both.
Avoid:
- Fried and other high-fat foods
- Red meat (beef, pork)
- Processed foods
Regular exercise and quitting smoking also are prime ways to reduce the risk of colon polyps.